18-36 hour incubation time depends on the amount of virus, chicken age, immune status (both maternal antibody or from vaccination), nutrition and serotipnya. Several serotypes of IB virus include: Massachuttes, Connecticut, Georgia, Delaware, Iowa 69, Iowa 97, New Hampshire, Australia-T, Holland, Italian and others. Among all the serotypes, Massachuttes is the most dangerous that can cause respiratory problems.
The symptoms arising from the attacks of IB are both respiratory (gasping for breath), coughing, sneezing, irritation of the throat, leleran fluid in the nose, eyes wet and kebengkakan often found in the nasal cavity. These symptoms also depend on the level of chicken age. At more than 6 weeks of age and adult chicken that looks the same clinical symptoms in children with chicken, but leleran nose does not always appear if no one looks closely. At the age of 5-6 weeks is the most visible symptom, usually marked with chicken snoring, gasping and coughing. Snoring which occurs usually at night. Severity of the disease also depends on secondary infection, mainly caused by Escherichia coli and mycoplasma. The death rate in children ranges from 0-40% chicken. The highest mortality occurred in chickens less than 6 weeks old. The lowest mortality occurs in adult chickens (range 0-5%). In the surgical carcasses found a change in the respiratory tract, air sacs and sometimes the kidneys. Changes in the respiratory tract that is in the trachea, bronchi and nasal cavity was found to be serous mucus (phlegm is still clear). In the tracheal mucous membrane becomes red, cloudy air sacs and there is a thickened part. The lungs become congesti and pneumonia. Sometimes the kidneys are swollen and the channel of uric acid crystals, especially in young chickens and broilers.
Diagnosis of disease is by looking at the history of the disease, vaccination programs, clinical symptoms, surgical carcasses, laboratory examination and the examination of antibody titer. IB disease has some similarities with other respiratory diseases such as Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT), Coryza and Crhonic Respiratory Disease (CRD). Such diseases have a characteristic that distinguishes itself from the others. ND attacked the respiratory tract also cause damage to the digestive tract and nerves. Typical histopathological changes in the case of ND, the hemorrhage of the points on proventiculus and inflammation accompanied the dead tissue of the intestine (enteritis necroticans). ILT is characterized by frequent emergence of coughing / sneezing, mucus out bloody / yellow-white mass, difficult breathing and neck extended. Throat and throat thickened contain thick mucous / blood. Coryza have chicken characteristics like snoring, difficulty breathing, facial swelling, runny nose and smell. Inflammation of the nasal sinuses, trachea and air sacs. CRD has obvious symptoms of chicken snoring, mucus out, from nostril, inflammation of nasal sinuses, trachea and air sacs cloudy.
IB disease prevention programs is to conduct the vaccination program at age 4 and 19-21 days, good sanitation, improvement of governance and attention to maintenance of the stable density. Intensively reared chickens spread of disease easier, because sekumpulam will eat, drink and dispose of feces in the same place, if prevention is not done well will possibly open the gates of respiratory diseases is another result of too high levels of ammonia in the cage effect poor sanitation. But if the chicken already exposed to IB, the first treatment is to give anti-stress drugs to accelerate recovery in the chicken's body.
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