Vitamin K For Poultry

Vitamins are organic nutrients required in small amounts for various biochemical functions that are generally not synthesized by the body so must be supplied from the feed.
Origin said Vitamin K comes from the "Koagulations" in German, much needed for blood clotting process. The chemical derivative of vitamin K consists of two methyl-1 ,4-naphthoquinone. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone, menatetrenone) normally produced by bacteria in the digestive tract, and nutritional deficiencies due to diets that are very rare unless the digestive tract damage is very severe so as not to absorb molecules.
Vitamin K deficiency
Lack of vitamin K will slow blood clotting. Chicks on rations deficient in vitamin K, can cause death due to bleeding from injuries caused by rupture of blood vessel. Hemorrhagi may arise under the skin, intramuscular or intraperitoneal, the extent varies.
Symptoms of deficiency or vitamin K deficiency often occur in young chickens about two to three weeks after the chicks began to eat the diet deficient in vitamin K. Sulfaquinoksalin in diet or in drinking water enhance the severity of the symptoms. Hemorrhagi can be seen on the chest, legs, wings, in the abdominal cavity and on the surface of the intestine. Anemic chicks in part due to blood loss but also because of bone marrow hipoplastik. Mild deficiency often causes patches of hemorrhagis.Adult chicken apparently not affected by vitamin K deficiency acute. This raises the presumption that adult chickens can synthesize the vitamin. Adult chickens which received diets low levels of vitamin K, to produce the eggs that low levels of vitamin K it. When the eggs hatched chicks will be obtained which have a very low supply of vitamin K in their bodies. As a consequence these chicks can die from bleeding of a wound at the time of installation of the number on their wings.
Although blood clotting time is a measure of vitamin K deficiency is good, a more appropriate measure has been obtained by determining the prothrombin time. Prothrombin time of chicks suffering from severe deficiency can be extended from the normal 17-20 seconds to 5-6 minutes or more.
Vitamin K is important for the formation of prothrombin by the liver. Blood coagulation consists of two main levels, namely: (1) prothrombin (in the presence of thromboplastin, calcium and other factors) was changed into thrombin, and (2), fibrinogen (stimulated by thrombin) was changed into fibrin clots.
Because prothrombin is an important part of the blood clotting mechanism, then vitamin K deficiency causes blood clotting time is extended in such a way that chickens or turkeys that attacked the child can die from bleeding due to minor injuries. To keep from happening vitamin K deficiency, animal feed factories add synthetic vitamin K compounds (menadion or menadion sodium bisulfite) into the ration.
Vitamin K will lose its activity in the presence of sulfa drugs, which is antagenis of vitamin K. These drugs have no effect when vitamin K is given in the form menadion menadion or sodium bisulfite. Vitamin K is fat soluble, stable to heat and alkali labile to oxidation, strong acids, light and radiation.
Richest source containing vitamin K (K1) is the plants like alfalfa and grass green. However, soybean oil also contains vitamin. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) is produced by bacterial flora in animals and is essential in providing for vitamin K in humans and most other mammal animals. However, chickens do not have enough vitamin K to synthesize from the gut microbes.
The addition of Vitamin K in Poultry Rations
Poultry rations that do not contain enough vitamin K, usually coupled with specific sources of the vitamin. Feedstuffs such as soybeans higher-fat, greasy meal, grains, and fish meal that has been rotting all of which provide enough vitamin K. Steps that can cause vitamin K deficiency, including: (1) extraction solution of soybean meal and grain meal, oily, (2) processing of fish meal has been enhanced with the result menaquinon low levels due to lack of decomposition, and (3) the use of drugs drugs preventing vitamin K in the ration. This dual effect makes the addition of vitamin K, which is added should be sufficient to overcome the need for vitamins, and against various kinds of stress that is found in poultry production.
Requirements of vitamin K1 in chicks is based on practical rations free from substances makers stress, such as sulfaquinoksalin, which can enhance the need for the vitamin. When on the diet or in drinking water have sulfaquinoksalin or other drugs, it is usually added menadion sodium bisulfite, at 2 to 3 grams per ton of ration.