The eggs hatch, there are two methods that are natural and hatchery
hatching artificially. Namely natural hatching hatching
by using parent / other types of poultry and hatching in
made is by using tools or machinery hatching and hatching
often referred to as the incubator. In the nursery industries
poultry (breeding farm), usually used machinery of modern tetas
with enough capacity.
To incubate the eggs different types of poultry such as free-range chicken eggs,
chicken eggs and duck eggs, usually in ways the hatchery with
tetas engine is almost the same, only the time required to incubate
duck eggs longer.
Cleaning the cage environment (sanitation) in the area of the farm is a business
The most expensive disease prevention, only the energy required ductile / skilled
only. Preventive action by giving the vaccine in cattle with brands and
dose according to records on the label of poultry shoup. In order for the building enclosure to
effectively useless, the building needs to be maintained in good cage that is
cage was always cleaned and maintained / checked if there is a defective part so that
immediately embroidered / repaired back. Thus the efficiency of the cage can be a maximum
without reducing the requirements for the livestock kept cage.
Broiler chickens are kind of superior crosses from the nations that have chicken
power of high productivity, especially in producing chicken meat. Broilers can be harvested
Only 5-6 weeks. Compared to other chickens, broilers cattle business is the most
advantageous, because the maintenance of a relatively short time and the high consumer demand
broiler meat.
Broiler poultry business has developed very rapidly in every state.
The type strain of broilers that many in the market are: Super 77, Tegel 70, ISA, Kim Cross,
Lohman 202, Hyline, Vdett, Missouri, Hubbard, Shaver Starbro, Pilch, Yabro, Goto, arcres Arbor,
Tatum, Indian river, Hybro, Cornish, Brahma, Langshans, Hypeco-Broiler, Ross, Marshall "m",
Euribrid, A.A 70, H & N, Sussex, Bromo, CP 707.
when starting a business of cattle SAJ broilers must know what needs to be prepared,
one of which is setting up the location of cages as for its location conditions are:
- Quite far from the hustle / housing residents.
- Easily accessible from the marketing centers.
- Is settled, that is, not easily distracted by other purposes
in addition to farm.
Program providing the light is very important especially for chicken
who are late to reach sexual maturity and to help
increase production. Additional light may be granted under
form of light. As one example for the cage
are open.
Age Giving Old Light (hours)
Day 1 to 3 23
Day 4 to 126 12
Day 127 13
Age 19 weeks 13.5
Age 20 weeks 14
Age 21 weeks 14
Age 22 weeks 15
In this brooding period (age 1-5 weeks), rations should
gradually given that little by little, but
gift as often as possible. This is because the chicken was just learning
ration rations do not eat so quickly exhausted and for rations
given is not much wasted or soiled. The diet
This should be sufficient for the initial production of hatching eggs produced
weight standards.
Giving this diet as a handle is set in the book
maintenance instructions issued by the breeder. As
For example, a program providing rations for the type of Avian start week
to 5 up to 22 weeks 5 days eating patterns used
for a week and 2 days of fasting the same as at Arbor Acres.
The pattern of the diet is intended to achieve weight
The recommended standards bodies breeders.
Weight loss upon reaching the age of sexual maturity should
shall be in accordance with the weight loss is recommended by breeders
(Chicken-producing company). If too much of a
recommended (too fat), generally leads to:
a. Fast reached sexual maturity (early ripe) eggs generally
first produced are small and after going through a period
new long diasilkan big egg.
b. High mortality rate.
c. Egg fertility decreased.
d. In males who are too fat or less capable in megawini
females.
Relative to the above, as the handle for
weight control chickens that are kept can be compared
with a weight that is recommended by the breeder.
When the chickens are kept weight is too heavy (fat) then rations
provided should be limited / reduced so that the reduction
The recommended weight gain can be achieved. Weighing
This body can be done every week since the nut 4 weeks. Sample can
10% of each cage (sample not selected). Body weight in chickens
cage should be uniform weight and size for
uniformity can be calculated as follows:
Example:
The average weight of sample type broiler chickens was 2.60 kg. Deviation
weight ± 10% is still considered to be uniform, then
10/100 x 2.60 = 0.26 kg
So that is still considered to be uniform that is heavy between (2.60 + 0.26) kg -
(2.60 to 0.26) kg = (2.86 to 2.34) kg, and then calculated what percentage
weight of chicken that are between 2.34 to 2.86 kg and what percentage of
above / below the weight.
The more uniform weight of chickens that we keep (as recommended by breeders)
the fertility, hatchability and production, the better. As
benchmark to assess the uniformity that is still considered good enough
Benchmark Weight Uniformity in Various Age:
Age uniformity with ± 10%
(Weeks) of average weight
4-6 85-95%
7-11 80-85%
12-15 75-80%
> 20 80 - 85%
In the nursery, maintaining candidate before the adult males
usually separated from the female in order that we can choose
the good of the group and also the handling is different. There
several methods to unify the male with the female
based on age.
a. Males are divided by the female until the age of 4 weeks, this system
probably the most profitable such as reduced
cannibalism on males together with females. Also
by integrating it from the beginning will be more opportunities
to interact and form groups so that
is helpful for improving the number of fertile eggs at the time
production.
b. Males are divided by the female until they reach the age of 10 weeks,
but with this system a little bit higher cannibalism.
The advantage we can choose the right male
be males who may have skills
higher in married females.
c. Males and females, separate maintenance until age 20
weeks and after 20 weeks of the new unified. With this system
stress is usually higher in females that so often
cause delays in egg laying and fertility for
several times lower.
Before you start producing female, male or female
bad quality should diafkir from the group because no
be productive in producing fertile eggs. Pengafkiran
the males usually have started to be done at age 6-8
week, by looking at several factors including: weight loss,
health, sturdy legs, toes (normal / no), chest, body, hair,
head and beak. When you deviate from the normal state, then
not used as a stud.
In chicks toes should be cut right rear
at the tip of the finger joints when they reach adulthood, because the nails can
hurt his back a married female. When the female's back
injury and infection, the female does not want to marry and eventually
eggs produced an empty lot. Withholding these toes
performed at the age of one day.
Chicks usually cut its beak between the ages of 6-9 days, both
half of the top and bottom. Part that is cut about 1 / 3 of
long beak. This is very useful to prevent many
rations are scattered and become more efficient use of rations.
Cutting tools can be used part of dipijarkan knife (temperature
1500 0F) or by using special cutting tools part.
In the male half of this cuts little
once at the end of the part that is not too sharp.
Done at day old male chickens, using
scissors and scars treated with iodine or alcohol but
on the type of chicken that no big comb is not necessary.
Cutting comb is intended for adults at the time,
comb does not usually grow into large
blocking the eyes and very disturbing time of marriage,
so that the fertility decline.
Female parent is maintained for the purpose of producing eggs of consumption,
presence of males in a cage is not needed because the eggs to
consumption should not be fertilized. Another case with laying hens which
maintained for the purpose of producing hatching eggs, males in a cage
is necessary to marry females for eggs produced
fertile (fertilized), because if it is not fertile eggs will not hatch.
Laying ability to produce fertile eggs with a hatchability
high, in fact highly dependent on the quality of female and
males at the time of production should be a major concern.
Only thing to note when the Growth Period:
(1). Cutting comb
(2). Cutting Part of Chicken Females
(3). Cutting Finger Foot Section Rear.
(4). Uniting Males with Females
(5). kualisnya mengafkir ugly chicken
(6). Weighing Weight.
(7). Rations Giving Program
(8). Light Giving Program
(9). Prophylaxis
Laying hens are kept as a producer of eggs the female parentneed to be united with the male. This is so that eggsresulting fertilized or fertile, because if the egg is not fertilizedconsequently will not hatch. However, not all fertile eggswill hatch with well, a lot of factors that influence thetherein. In this connection it is to obtain hatchabilitygood in the artificial hatching required knowledge / skillsabout:1. The ways to produce eggs.2. Selection of egg hatching (hatching egg selection), ie selecting hatching eggs are
both hatched and it is stored.3. Operational hatching.4. Handling of chicks after hatching.
Pig is one source of meat and income are important for a number of regions in Indonesia, and is widely used for traditional ceremonial purposes. Often the pigs allowed to live freely. This is a cheap and low maintenance. However, in this way will be susceptible to swine diseases because of poor food, disease transmission is faster, more piglets that died, and the risk of your pig is stolen is also greater. In addition, pigs can cause a lot of damage to crops and young trees if the pig until it reaches the area of this garden.
A pigsty following simple yard should be made to further improve productivity, in addition to protect your plants. You can also easily collect and use of pig manure, and swine as a labor advantage. The fact that pigs eat human feces could happen, but this is very unhealthy. Pigs can become ill from diseases that originated from human feces and the disease can be transmitted to humans who eat the pork.
pig needs: water, food, shelter, health, land for digging, fence
pork products: meat, manure, money, labor (controlling weeds and cleaning personnel land), ceremonial purposes, the skin.
Pigsty
can start with a simple system and then secaara slowly developing that system from time to time. pigs need food and water every day so that would be easier if the cage is made close to home. Pigsty used for pigs in the evening.Cage size 3 mx 3 m is a good size. Pigsty should provide shade and protection from rain and strong winds. If a pig pen does not have walls, needed a strong fence instead. preferably from the cement floor with little inclination for easy cleaning. This floor can be a layer of grass that must be changed every week. Then, use the grass and pig manure as compost and mulch.
Cage floor can also be made of wood or bamboo. The floor must be above the soil surface and has a slit so it can easily be cleaned and not rotten or decayed. Some crops are planted next to the pigsty would improve the environment and health of pigs. If the pigs live happily, they will be healthier, grow faster and bigger. Plant the fruit trees and trees that can be used as pig feed pig around the yard. These plants will also benefit from pig manure. During the middle of the day, pigs can be left to look for food outside the cage or can also be anchored / tied to something. If they are allowed to roam, make sure that the fenced vegetable garden. If the pig was tied up with rope, pigs use it to clean and memupuki land that you will use to plant crops.
Feed and Water
Pig must get enough water and feed every day. Mixed leaves, kacangkacangan,and tubers are cooked at once would be good for pig feed. Sweet potato, cassava, potato, Gliricidia, and Moringa is a good material to use. Rice flour and corn flour can also be used as an excellent feed for pigs. Food scraps from the kitchen can be added as pig food.
Health
If you keep the hog pen clean and provide adequate feed and water the pigs will be healthy and almost all diseases can be prevented. Add mulberry leaves or papaya seeds in pig feed on a regular basis. Mulberry leaves and papaya seeds will help overcome the problem of worms, but if given regularly once a month, will serve as a deterrent. Add about 1-2 handheld papaya seeds and / or 1-2 handheld mulberry leaves on feed that is being cooked, give it to pigs. Isolate sick pigs until the pork is cured to stop the spread of disease.
During pregnancy, birth and first few weeks after birth, make sure the parent given more feed. This will help to produce more healthy piglets and give more milk for them. Make sure the parent also get a comfortable area protected from the dogs.
Yard for the Pig
If made the yard, make sure there is a strong fence around it to keep the pigs remain in the area of the yard. The area outside the fence can be planted with live fences which will eventually be a fence and the leaves can be used as pig feed. Live fences can also provide shade needed by pigs.
The yard can also be divided into 3-4 parts. Then the pigs can be moved from one section to another. Vegetables can be grown in parts that are not pigs.
Pigs For Tractor
Pigs can be used as a tractor on your land!There are several ways to do it, among others:- Tie pork with a tethered rope and let them clean up weeds and memupuki land around the area, which later can be planted with vegetables or trees.- Make a fence around your vegetable land and enter into it to clean up pig weed and memupuki land before planting.- Make a cage that can dipindahpindahkan. The size of the cage along the 4 steps wide and 2 step big enough to accommodate 3 pigs. Cage did not have floors and palm leaves can be used as a simple shade. The pigs that are in it will clean up weeds and provide fertilizers to the soil. When the land was already clean, move it to another cage.
Bees produce honey which is a high quality product for consumption. Nutrient content of honey is very good for health. Honey provides a lot of natural energy, as well as an anti-biotic and anti-fungal natural.
Honey is sometimes also used to stop the infection in cuts and scratches. Many people consume telur-telur/larva beehive with bees still in it. It is also a valuable food source that contains many vitamins and minerals. However, almost all of the benefits and virtues of this honeycomb will be lost if fried.
In some areas, honey can be obtained in the wild. However, these bees can be bredby making the cage so that the collection of honey becomes much easierand regular. With the cage, the bees will produce more honey. Raising honey requires special knowledge to manage it well, but this knowledge can be learned if interested.
Be careful if you introduce other types of bees from outside the country because the bees may carry diseases and will compete with local bees in search of food.
To calculate the average weight of chicken, it is not difficult, the equipment only use an appropriate scale to weigh the chicken.
The appropriate scales that mean something? The meaning here is appropriate: Suppose to type broiler chicken, chicken weight if we weigh only reached (maximum weight) does not exceed 5kg,
If the chicken weighing not more than 5 kg, the scales should be appropriate to use the chicken weighing 5kg scales (Salter type also available)
Example: As the scales Salter type for example, to type Salter maximum capacity so different, There are: 5 kg 10 Kg 50 kg 100 kg 150 kg 200 kg etc.
For layer chickens from the age of 32 weeks until age 65 Sunday, should use his scales 10 kg maximum capacity.
Conclusion: If using weights that are less suitable to the needs (depending on how much weight we want to weigh), later on the accuracy results of the scales will not produce a balanced average. Sample Error using scales:
If a breeder wants to know the average weight gain in a cage in peliharanya, while the weight of chicken (young age) is only 200 to 500 grams per head; breeders used the scales with a capacity of maximum 10 kg, well whether the weight of the chicken can weigh in rincikan perfectly? certainly less precise.
But if using a 5 kg scale breeders will know the small details of these scales, so use the appropriate scales is needed. SO HOW do I calculate the weight of chicken? You should know that the chicken we will take samples and in use as the scales should be 10% of the total chicken that is in your cage.
Suppose you raise chickens with a total of 1000 larvae, so the chicken must be weighed in the light is about 100 birds. if not unanimous 100 individuals was also not a problem, for example: 90 tail s / d 110 tail, but not less than 70 tail and not more than 140 tails Because we akn count chickens in 10%.
The example below
Scala = total chicken 300 = 0 320 = 0 340 = 2 360 = 2 380 = 1 400 = 5 420 = 3 440 = 7 460 = 12 480 = 7 500 = 7 520 = 7 540 = 5 560 = 3 580 = 1 600 = 0 620 = 0 ========= Total chicken is 62 fish weighed in the light
Description: Figures 300 s / d 620 is the number of Scala in the scales. then the numbers after the = is, the total chicken that weighed in the light,
Example: note the number at the Scala 340 = 2 means that weighs 340gram chicken there are 2 tailed. and so on it. if in total there are 62 chickens are all chickens. please note again,
How to calculate it is: We can use a calculator with memory function, eg 340 x 2 (press M +) on your calculator. 360 x 2 (press M +) on your calcilator. 380 X 1 (press M +) 400 x 5 (press M +) and so on until the most recent figures are 580 x 1 (press M +) on your calculator. Then last press MR or MRC And will produce 29,100 grams. That is total weight, which is derived from 62 chickens in the scales is 29 100 grams. so to know the average results are:
29 100 at the 62 tail = 469.3 grams / chickens. got here that we are counting rata2 hasilkna chicken weight alone, so like where to find out what percentage rata2 chickens in our barn?
To Calculate the percentage from the example above is: We already know that the average of his cock. 29100/62 = 469.3 grams / fish. then we must look for chicken that weighs less than 10% And chicken that weighs more than 10%
How: To know the weight of chicken that is less than 10% 469.3 in less 10%, the result is 422 grams (as in Scala scales using only integers, then we round it to 420 grams.) To Learn chickens weighing more than 10% 469.3 plus 10% of the result is 516 grams (Because the Scala scales using only integers, then we round it off course number 516, became the number 520 grams)
Well now we already know the weight of chicken that is less than 10% of 420 grams, and chicken more than 10 percent which is 520 grams. notes: Chicken that weighs less than 10% is included in the category of small chicken (under rata2) And chicken that weighs more than 10% is included in the category of large chicken or the large (above average)
So we look back into the Scala scales above us, we mark and count the chickens which weigh Less than 10% (which weighs less than 420) is how much? and that more than 10% (which weighs more than 520) is how much? In this example (Scala from above) chicken that weighs less than 420 is: 10 head. Where like to know? we look at the position Scala 340 have 2 tails, Scala 360 have 2 tails, and the Scala 380 is a tail, a total of less than 420 chickens were: 10 fish.
And the chickens are more than 520 grams, there are 9 tail. Where to know how? We refer to position: Scala 540 there are 5 birds, there are 3 heads Scala 560, 580 there is a tail, and a total of nine tails. So the chickens are not included in rata2 is 19 heads (the chicken that is less than 10% and chicken more than 10%)
All we already know, so to produce a percentage is: 62 minus 19 = 43 tail 43 in to 62 in time 100 (or 43 at the 62% button on your calculator) ==== The result was 69.3%
62 = 29100 Avg (rata2) = 469 grams <420 s / d 520> 69.3% ====
Description:
62 = Total chickens in the scales. Avg = 469 (rata2 chicken per-tailed) <420 = chicken that weighs less than 10% (small chicken) 520> = chicken that weighs more than 10% (most big cock) 69.3% = average percentage of chicken in, so 69.3% to seragaman chicken is in the cage (which we weigh it earlier)
Thank you hopefully can help
